(11) Marketing and selling expenses
Accounting and measurement policies
Marketing and selling expenses
Marketing and selling expenses within logistics costs also include expenses for transportation services performed on behalf of customers. The corresponding income from these services is reported under net sales.
Amortization of the intangible assets under marketing and selling expenses is mainly attributable to customer relationships, licenses and similar rights, brands, and trademarks.
Marketing and selling expenses comprised the following items:
€ million |
|
2022 |
|
2021 |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Sales force |
|
-971 |
|
-891 |
||||
Internal sales services |
|
-972 |
|
-886 |
||||
Sales promotion |
|
-476 |
|
-461 |
||||
Logistics |
|
-1,193 |
|
-985 |
||||
Amortization of intangible assets1 |
|
-616 |
|
-589 |
||||
Royalty and license expenses |
|
-137 |
|
-166 |
||||
Other marketing and selling expenses |
|
-348 |
|
-325 |
||||
Marketing and selling expenses |
|
-4,714 |
|
-4,304 |
||||
|
||||||||
In line with business development, the increase in expenses for the internal and external sales force was due to higher personnel and travel costs. In addition to the higher sales volume, the increase in logistics expenses was due to price rises caused by capacity bottlenecks in international goods transportation.
Of the royalty and license expenses, € 53 million (2021: € 48 million) related to the commercialization of Erbitux®.